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- open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
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- NAME
- open - Open a file
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- SYNOPSIS
- open _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e ?_a_c_c_e_s_s? ?_p_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s? |
- _________________________________________________________________
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- DESCRIPTION
- This command opens a file and returns an identifier that may
- be used in future invocations of commands like read, puts,
- and close. _F_i_l_e_N_a_m_e gives the name of the file to open; if
- it starts with a tilde then tilde substitution is performed
- as described for Tcl_TildeSubst. If the first character of
- _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e is ``|'' then the remaining characters of _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e
- are treated as a command pipeline to invoke, in the same
- style as for exec. In this case, the identifier returned by
- open may be used to write to the command's input pipe or
- read from its output pipe.
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- The _a_c_c_e_s_s argument indicates the way in which the file (or
- command pipeline) is to be accessed. It may take two forms, |
- either a string in the form that would be passed to the |
- fopen library procedure or a list of POSIX access flags. It |
- defaults to ``r''. In the first form _a_c_c_e_s_s may have any of |
- the following values:
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- r Open the file for reading only; the file must
- already exist.
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- r+ Open the file for both reading and writing;
- the file must already exist.
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- w Open the file for writing only. Truncate it
- if it exists. If it doesn't exist, create a
- new file.
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- w+ Open the file for reading and writing. Trun-
- cate it if it exists. If it doesn't exist,
- create a new file.
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- a Open the file for writing only. The file
- must already exist, and the file is posi-
- tioned so that new data is appended to the
- file.
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- a+ Open the file for reading and writing. If
- the file doesn't exist, create a new empty
- file. Set the initial access position to
- the end of the file.
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- open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
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- In the second form, _a_c_c_e_s_s consists of a list of any of the |
- following flags, all of which have the standard POSIX mean- |
- ings. One of the flags must be either RDONLY, WRONLY or |
- RDWR. |
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- RDONLY ||
- Open the file for reading only. |
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- WRONLY ||
- Open the file for writing only. |
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- RDWR ||
- Open the file for both reading and writing. |
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- APPEND ||
- Set the file pointer to the end of the file |
- prior to each write. |
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- CREAT ||
- Create the file if it doesn't already exist |
- (without this flag it is an error for the |
- file not to exist). |
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- EXCL ||
- If CREAT is specified also, an error is |
- returned if the file already exists. |
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- NOCTTY ||
- If the file is a terminal device, this flag |
- prevents the file from becoming the control- |
- ling terminal of the process. |
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- NON- |
- BLOCK ||
- Prevents the process from blocking while |
- opening the file. For details refer to your |
- system documentation on the open system |
- call's O_NONBLOCK flag. |
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- TRUNC ||
- If the file exists it is truncated to zero |
- length. |
-
- If a new file is created as part of opening it, _p_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s |
- (an integer) is used to set the permissions for the new file |
- in conjunction with the process's file mode creation mask. |
- _P_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s defaults to 0666.
-
- If a file is opened for both reading and writing then seek
- must be invoked between a read and a write, or vice versa
- (this restriction does not apply to command pipelines opened
- with open). When _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e specifies a command pipeline and
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- open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
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- a write-only access is used, then standard output from the
- pipeline is directed to the current standard output unless
- overridden by the command. When _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e specifies a com-
- mand pipeline and a read-only access is used, then standard
- input from the pipeline is taken from the current standard
- input unless overridden by the command.
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- KEYWORDS
- access mode, append, controlling terminal, create, file,
- non-blocking, open, permissions, pipeline, process
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